Properties+and+Changes+of+Matter

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A //__**physical property**__// is a characteristic that you can observe and measure without changing the composition or identity of the substance.

is how something









To describe a sample of matter, you need to identify its state, which exists in the three main forms of a...

solid / liquid  gas



mass of an object (measured in grams) triple beam balance -- volume of an object (measured in liters)  graduated cylinder and beaker - weight of an object (measured by force in Newtons) or spring scale





**density of an object **

**<span style="color: #801e24; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;">melting and boiling point of an object ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">and

**<span style="color: #801e24; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;">the magnetic properties of an object **

**<span style="color: #801e24; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;">the solubility of an object **





<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">State Changes of Matter: <span style="color: #404040; display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Melting - Freezing <span style="color: #404040; display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Vaporization - Condensation <span style="color: #404040; display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Sublimation - Deposition (Desublimation)

<span style="color: #ffb800; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 330%; text-align: center;">**CHEMICAL PROPERTIES** <span style="color: #f90615; display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;">A //**__chemical property__**// is a characteristic that can't be observed or measured without permanently <span style="color: #f90615; display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;">altering or changing the composition or identity of the substance.

<span style="color: #ff00ff; display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;">**This one is more difficult. Here is one way to define "chemical property:"**characteristics which are exhibited as one substance is chemically transformed into another.

<span style="color: #00ff00; display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">There really isn't a set of chemical properties in the same way there is, more or less, a set of physical properties.That's because the chemical properties are tied to the change, whereas a given substance has a property (such as melting point) all to itself.





> <span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">(1) iron rusting. When iron (an element, symbol = Fe) rusts, it combines in a complex fashion with oxygen to form > <span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">a reddish-colored compound called ferric oxide (formula = Fe2O3). Not all substances rust. > <span style="color: #008000; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">(2) glucose, mixed with yeast, ferments to make alcohol. Glucose (C6H12O6) is a chemical compound which enzymes in yeast can be use > <span style="color: #008000; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">to make ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH). Not all substances ferment. > <span style="color: #ff00ff; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">(3) trinitrotoluene (TNT) reacts very, very fast when it is ignited. Among other products, it makes LOTS of nitrogen gas and LOTS of heat. > <span style="color: #ff00ff; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">Inside the proper container, it can cause an explosion. Not all substances can make an explosion. >

<span style="color: #0000ff; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">Color Change

<span style="color: #800000; display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;">Energy Absorbed or Released

<span style="color: #800000; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;">** Odor or Smell given off **

<span style="color: #800000; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;">**<span style="color: #cc1e93; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Formation of a Solid or Gas ** (only if it forming a new molecular structure)

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<span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;">The Law of Conservation of Mass <span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: center;">Established in 1789 by French Chemist Antoine Lavoisier <span style="color: #000080; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: center;">States that mass is neither created nor destroyed in any ordinary chemical reaction